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Describe what your UI should sound like. Preview it, tweak it, and download it from the browser.

UI Sound Design

Translate plain-English sound descriptions into working Web Audio API code. No audio engineering background needed — describe what you want to hear, and this skill provides the synthesis knowledge to make it real.

Workflow

Every sound follows this loop: Describe → Generate → Listen → Refine (with optional Review for auditing existing code)

1. Describe

The user describes the sound in plain language. Ask clarifying questions using this framework:

Four questions before generating any sound:

1. What triggers it? (click, hover, toggle, notification, transition, success, error)

2. What's the emotional tone? (satisfying, subtle, urgent, playful, professional, minimal)

3. How prominent should it be? (barely perceptible, noticeable, attention-grabbing)

4. Any reference points? (iOS keyboard, Slack notification, macOS trash, game UI, "like a bubble popping")

5. Have an audio reference file? If the user has a .wav or .mp3 file they want to match, direct them to run the analyzer:

   node skills/ui-sound-design/tools/analyze-sound.mjs path/to/reference.wav
   

   Then paste the output back. When a sound profile is provided:

   1. Load references/audio-file-references.md for interpretation guidance
   2. Read the synthesis_suggestion block for initial parameters
   3. Match to the closest sound category using recipe_starting_point
   4. Load that recipe from references/sound-recipes.md
   5. Override recipe defaults with the profile's suggested parameters
   6. Apply any vocabulary bridge terms from the profile's VOCABULARY MATCH section
   7. Proceed to Generate as normal

If the user gives a vague request like "make a click sound", use sensible defaults from the recipes and generate immediately — don't over-ask.

2. Generate

1. Match the description to a sound category (see quick reference below)
2. Load the recipe from references/sound-recipes.md
3. Apply the vocabulary bridge to translate adjectives into parameter changes
4. For novel sounds not covered by recipes, compose from building blocks in references/web-audio-api.md
5. Output format: HTML preview by default (adapt assets/sound-preview.html), or ES module / React hook / class if requested

3. Listen

Provide the HTML preview file so the user can open it in a browser and hear the sound immediately. Each sound includes a download button that exports a .wav file for use in production code or handoff to developers. Include labeled buttons for each sound variation. The preview must:

• Handle AudioContext suspension (user gesture to start)
• Use the singleton AudioContext pattern
• Include visual feedback on play (the template handles this)

4. Refine

When the user gives feedback, translate it using the vocabulary bridge and adjust parameters. Common refinement patterns:

• "I like it but..." → tweak 1-2 parameters
• "Completely wrong" → try a different recipe/approach
• "Too much/little" → scale the relevant parameter up/down
• "More like X" → identify what makes X distinctive and match those characteristics

5. Review (optional)

Enter review mode when the user says "review", "audit", or "check my sound code", or pastes existing Web Audio code for evaluation.

Steps:

1. Load rules from references/audio-rules.md
2. Scan the code against each rule, starting with Critical priority
3. Report findings using the format in audio-rules.md — one line per violation with file:line — [rule-id] description
4. Provide a summary table (pass/fail counts by priority)
5. Suggest concrete fixes for each failing rule

When to stay in generate mode: If the user's request is ambiguous (e.g., "here's my click sound" without asking for review), default to the generative workflow. Only enter review mode when the intent to audit is clear.

Vocabulary Bridge

This is the core translation layer. When the user uses subjective language, map it to synthesis parameters:

User Says	Parameter Change	Example
"Brighter"	Raise frequency or filter cutoff	Filter cutoff 1500 → 3000 Hz
"Warmer"	Lower filter cutoff, use sine/triangle wave	Switch sawtooth → sine, cutoff 3000 → 1200
"Darker"	Lower frequency, reduce high harmonics	Add lowpass filter at 800 Hz
"Snappier"	Shorter attack and decay	Decay 0.15 → 0.05s
"Softer"	Lower volume, longer attack, gentle envelope	Volume 0.3 → 0.15, attack 0 → 0.01s
"Louder" / "More prominent"	Raise volume (max 0.8)	Volume 0.2 → 0.4
"Fuller" / "Richer"	Layer oscillators, add detune	Add second osc detuned +7 cents
"Thinner"	Remove layers, use sine wave, raise highpass	Single sine, highpass at 500 Hz
"More metallic"	FM synthesis, inharmonic ratios	Mod ratio 1.4, increase mod depth
"More organic" / "Natural"	Use noise components, subtle randomness	Mix in filtered noise burst
"Shorter" / "Crisper"	Reduce total duration	Duration 0.15 → 0.06s
"Longer" / "More sustained"	Increase duration and sustain	Duration 0.1 → 0.3s, add sustain phase
"More playful"	Higher pitch, bounce/overshoot	Frequency +200 Hz, add pitch overshoot
"More professional"	Subtle, clean, minimal	Lower volume, sine wave, short duration
"Retro" / "8-bit"	Square wave, quantized pitch	Switch to square, use note frequencies
"Bubbly"	Rapid pitch drop, sine wave	startFreq 2000, quick exponential drop

Sound Categories — Quick Reference

Category	Duration	Recipe	Trigger	Key Character
Click	10–80ms	references/sound-recipes.md#click	Button press, tap	Noise burst, bandpass filtered
Toggle	80–200ms	references/sound-recipes.md#toggle	Switch on/off	Rising/falling pitch sweep
Hover	30–80ms	references/sound-recipes.md#hover	Mouse enter	Gentle, nearly subliminal
Success	200–500ms	references/sound-recipes.md#success	Task complete, save	Ascending major third
Error	150–400ms	references/sound-recipes.md#error	Validation fail, rejected	Descending, buzzy
Warning	150–350ms	references/sound-recipes.md#warning	Caution state	Double pulse, mid-range
Notification	200–800ms	references/sound-recipes.md#notification	New message, alert	Bell-like FM synthesis
Whoosh	100–400ms	references/sound-recipes.md#whoosh	Page transition, slide	Filtered noise sweep
Pop	30–80ms	references/sound-recipes.md#pop	Add item, bubble, appear	Sine with pitch drop
Custom	varies	references/web-audio-api.md	Anything else	Compose from building blocks

Critical Implementation Rules

AudioContext user-gesture requirement

Browsers block audio until a user interaction (click, tap, keydown). Always initialize or resume the AudioContext inside an event handler. The singleton pattern in references/web-audio-api.md handles this.

Never ramp gain to zero

exponentialRampToValueAtTime(0, ...) throws an error. Always ramp to 0.001 — it's inaudible but mathematically valid. This applies to every sound. No exceptions.

Node cleanup

• OscillatorNodes auto-disconnect after stop() — no manual cleanup needed
• BufferSourceNodes are one-shot — create a new one each play
• For long-lived filter/gain nodes, call disconnect() when done
• Never create a new AudioContext per sound — use the singleton

Volume safety

• Default volume: 0.3 (gain value)
• Maximum volume: 0.8 — never exceed this
• Hover sounds: 0.03–0.08 (barely perceptible)
• UI sounds should complement, not dominate — err on the side of quiet

Scheduling precision

Capture const now = ctx.currentTime once at the start of each sound function. Derive all scheduling times from now. Never read currentTime multiple times.

Use exponential ramps by default

exponentialRampToValueAtTime sounds natural for both volume and frequency. linearRampToValueAtTime sounds mechanical. Only use linear for sub-50ms transitions.

Output Formats

HTML Preview (default)

Adapt assets/sound-preview.html. Self-contained, no dependencies, opens in any browser. Best for the iterative listen-refine loop. Includes WAV download — click the download button on any sound to get a .wav file. Sound functions must use (ctx, dest) parameters with fallback defaults for download support, and each sound needs a matching entry in the durations map.

ES Module

// ui-sounds.js
export function playClick(options) { /* ... */ }
export function playSuccess(options) { /* ... */ }

React Hook

// useUISound.js
export function useUISound() {
  const ctxRef = useRef(null);
  const getCtx = useCallback(() => { /* singleton */ }, []);
  return { playClick, playSuccess, /* ... */ };
}

Sound Library Class

Use the UISoundLibrary class from references/sound-recipes.md. Bundles all sounds with enable/disable and master volume control.

Resources

references/

• web-audio-api.md — Core Web Audio API building blocks: oscillators, envelopes, filters, noise, FM synthesis, factory patterns, common mistakes. Load when building custom sounds or understanding low-level mechanics.
• sound-recipes.md — Complete working implementations for all 9 sound categories plus a bundled UISoundLibrary class. Each recipe includes parameters, code, tuning guide, and variations. Start here for most requests.
• audio-rules.md — Formal validation rules with IDs, priorities, and pass/fail examples. Load when reviewing existing code or when you need to verify generated output against best practices.
• tone-js.md — Tone.js abstractions for faster prototyping. Simplified synth types, recipe equivalents, effects, and a conversion guide to vanilla Web Audio. Load when the user prefers Tone.js or wants rapid iteration.
• audio-file-references.md — How to interpret sound profiles from the analyze-sound.mjs CLI tool. Maps audio analysis metrics to synthesis parameters and recipe selection. Load when the user provides a sound profile from an audio file reference.

assets/

• sound-preview.html — Self-contained HTML template with all 10 default sounds, visual feedback, and AudioContext handling. Adapt this for every preview output.

tools/

• analyze-sound.mjs — CLI script that analyzes .wav/.mp3 files and outputs a sound profile. Run with node tools/analyze-sound.mjs <file>. Zero dependencies — works with any Node.js installation. Supports .wav natively; other formats require ffmpeg. Outputs duration, envelope, spectral content, tonality, and a synthesis suggestion that maps directly to recipe parameters.