Architecture Explainer

What this skill does

This skill directs the agent to explore a codebase or system description and produce a clear, structured architecture overview. It maps out layers, major components, data flows, and external dependencies, then renders ASCII diagrams showing how the pieces connect. The result is a document a new engineer could read in 10 minutes and understand how the system works.

Use this when onboarding new team members, preparing for an architecture review, creating documentation for a system you inherited, or clarifying your own mental model before a large refactor.

How to use

Claude Code / Cline

Copy this file to .agents/skills/architecture-explainer/SKILL.md in your project root.

Then ask:

• "Use the Architecture Explainer skill to document this entire repo."
• "Explain the architecture of the server/ directory using the Architecture Explainer skill."
• "I'll describe our system. Use the Architecture Explainer skill to turn it into a structured overview."

Cursor

Add the instructions below to your .cursorrules or paste them into the Cursor AI pane before asking for the architecture overview.

Codex

Provide a directory listing or paste key files and ask Codex to follow the instructions below to produce the architecture document.

The Prompt / Instructions for the Agent

When asked to explain or document an architecture, follow these steps:

Step 1 — Explore the codebase

Start by reading:

1. The root directory listing
2. package.json, pyproject.toml, go.mod, or the equivalent dependency manifest
3. Entry point files (e.g., main.ts, index.ts, app.py, cmd/main.go)
4. Top-level directory names and their index or README files if present
5. Any existing architecture or design docs

Do not read every file. Use the directory structure and entry points to infer the layering.

Step 2 — Identify the major components

Extract:

• Layers: presentation, business logic, data access, infrastructure
• Services or modules: each significant unit of functionality
• External dependencies: databases, caches, third-party APIs, message queues
• Entry points: HTTP routes, CLI commands, event listeners, cron jobs
• Shared utilities: auth, logging, config, error handling

Step 3 — Map the data flow

For the most important 2–3 user-facing operations, trace:

• Where the request enters the system
• Which layers or modules it passes through
• What data is read or written and where
• Where the response is assembled and returned

Step 4 — Produce the architecture document

Format the output as follows:

# Architecture Overview — [Project Name]

## System Summary
[2–3 sentences. What does this system do? What are the key technical choices (language, framework, DB)?]

## Layer Diagram

[ASCII diagram showing the main layers top-to-bottom, e.g.:]

┌─────────────────────────────────┐
│         Client / Browser        │
└────────────────┬────────────────┘
                 │ HTTP / REST
┌────────────────▼────────────────┐
│        Express API Server       │
│  routes/ → controllers/ → ...   │
└──────┬─────────────┬────────────┘
       │             │
┌──────▼──────┐ ┌────▼────────────┐
│  PostgreSQL  │ │  Redis Cache    │
└─────────────┘ └─────────────────┘

## Component Breakdown

### [Component Name]
- **Location**: `src/payments/`
- **Responsibility**: [1–2 sentences]
- **Depends on**: [List of other components or external services]
- **Depended on by**: [Who calls this]

[Repeat for each major component]

## Key Data Flows

### [Flow name, e.g., "User places an order"]
1. Request arrives at `POST /api/orders`
2. `OrderController` validates the request body
3. `OrderService` runs business logic and calls `PaymentService`
4. `PaymentService` calls Stripe API
5. On success, `OrderRepository` writes to `orders` table
6. Response returned to client

[Repeat for 2–3 key flows]

## External Dependencies

| Dependency | Purpose | Where integrated |
|------------|---------|-----------------|
| PostgreSQL | Primary data store | `server/db/` |
| Redis | Session cache | `server/cache/` |
| Stripe | Payment processing | `server/services/payment.ts` |

## What is NOT covered here
[Note any parts of the system this document doesn't address, e.g., "Worker queue jobs not documented"]

Step 5 — Validate your understanding

After writing the document, re-read the entry point files and check that every major path through the system is accounted for. If something doesn't fit your model, revise the model — don't ignore the discrepancy.

Example

Input to Agent:

"Use the Architecture Explainer skill on this repo. Here's the directory tree:

src/
  api/routes/
  api/controllers/
  services/
  db/repositories/
  workers/
client/
  pages/
  components/
```"

Output from Agent:

Architecture Overview — MyApp

System Summary

MyApp is a full-stack web application built with Node.js/Express on the backend and React on the frontend. It uses PostgreSQL for persistence and background workers for async processing.

Layer Diagram

┌──────────────────────────┐
│   React Client (client/) │
└────────────┬─────────────┘
             │ HTTP/JSON
┌────────────▼─────────────┐
│ Express API (src/api/)   │
│  routes/ → controllers/  │
└──────┬───────────────────┘
       │
┌──────▼───────────────────┐
│ Services (src/services/) │
└──────┬───────────────────┘
       │
┌──────▼───────────────────┐  ┌──────────────────┐
│ Repositories (src/db/)   │  │ Workers           │
└──────┬───────────────────┘  │ (src/workers/)    │
       │                      └──────────────────┘
┌──────▼───────────────────┐
│       PostgreSQL         │
└──────────────────────────┘

Component Breakdown

API Routes

• Location: src/api/routes/
• Responsibility: Maps HTTP methods and paths to controller functions
• Depends on: Controllers

Services

• Location: src/services/
• Responsibility: Contains all business logic; orchestrates calls between repositories and external APIs
• Depends on: Repositories, external APIs
• Depended on by: Controllers, Workers

Notes

• For very large repos, ask the agent to focus on one service or one top-level directory at a time.
• If you have an existing architecture doc, paste it in and ask the agent to update it rather than writing from scratch.
• ASCII diagrams can be copied into tools like Mermaid or draw.io for polish.