URL to Markdown

Fetch any web URL and get clean, readable Markdown — main content only, no navigation/footer/ads. Local + free by default; smart fallback to Exa MCP when the page can't be extracted locally.

Workflow (the only thing the agent needs to remember)

1. Try trafilatura first:

   python3 ~/.claude/skills/fetch-url-as-markdown/scripts/fetch_url.py "<URL>"
   

2. If exit code is 1 or 2 → fall back to Exa MCP with the same URL:

   mcp__exa__web_search_advanced_exa(
       query="<URL>",
       includeDomains=["<host of URL>"],
       numResults=1,
       textMaxCharacters=50000,
       type="auto"
   )
   

   (mcp__exa__crawling works too if the server exposes it; the web_search_advanced_exa call above is the always-available variant — pin the host with includeDomains and use the URL itself as the query.)

3. Exit code 3 means trafilatura is not installed — install once:

   python3 -m pip install --break-system-packages trafilatura
   

Exit codes (what they mean for the fallback decision)

Code	Meaning	Action
0	Markdown printed to stdout	done
1	DownloadError — network/HTTP/timeout/anti-bot block at fetch	fall back to Exa
2	ExtractionError — empty extract, JS/Cloudflare wall, or stub body (<200 chars)	fall back to Exa
3	trafilatura missing	install (see above), then retry
4	UnsupportedContentTypeError — URL is binary (PDF, image, archive)	don't fall back to Exa; use the right specialized skill (e.g. pdf for PDFs)

Defaults baked into the script

• output_format="markdown", include_formatting=True — keeps headings/lists/code structure where the source HTML uses real <h1..h6> etc.
• include_links=True, include_tables=True
• with_metadata=True → emits a YAML frontmatter (title, author, date, url, hostname)
• favor_recall=True, deduplicate=True — readable but trims duplicates
• Real-browser User-Agent + 30s timeout configured in scripts/settings.cfg
• Anti-stub guards (built into the script):
  • rejects Content-Type other than text/html|application/xhtml+xml|text/plain|application/xml|text/xml → exit 4
  • sniffs raw HTML for Cloudflare / "Please enable JavaScript" / Imperva / DataDome wall markers → exit 2
  • rejects extracted bodies under 50 chars (configurable via --min-body N, 0 to disable) → exit 2

Useful flags

... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --no-links     # strip hyperlinks
... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --no-tables    # strip tables
... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --no-metadata  # omit YAML header
... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --comments     # include user comments (off by default — usually noise)
... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --images       # include image refs (experimental)
... fetch_url.py "<URL>" --precision    # terser output, drops borderline content

When to choose what

Situation	Tool
Article, blog post, docs, README, wiki	trafilatura (default) — local, free
JS-heavy SPA, login-walled, Cloudflare	Exa fallback (the script will signal exit 2)
Bulk / many URLs	trafilatura — no quota, no API key
Already failed twice on a domain	Exa directly