Maintaining macOS Health

Recovery and prevention playbook for macOS disk and memory crises. Validated against a real watchdog-timeout kernel panic on Apple Silicon caused by vm_compressor segments saturated to 100 % with the disk over 90 % full. The same playbook works for routine cleanup or first-time setup on a new machine.

Table of contents

• When to use
• Skill layout
• Core mental model
• Standard workflows
  • A. "Free space NOW" (incident response)
  • B. "Set up alerting" (new machine or first time)
  • C. Alerter stopped working / making noise
  • D. "Uninstall an app cleanly"
• Safety rules (non-negotiable)
• Domain quirks captured
• Outcomes scale

When to use

Trigger on any of:

• Disk free < 20 % or user complains about being out of space
• Watchdog-timeout / kernel panic / "no checkins from watchdogd"
• New JetsamEvent-*.ips with vm-compressor-space-shortage
• "Mac is slow", swap > 6 GB, sustained Critical memory pressure
• User wants to set up monitoring/alerting from scratch
• Migration to a new Mac → restore the same alerter
• General "clean my Mac" / "audit storage" / "free space" requests

Skill layout

File	Use for
references/triage.md	First 5 minutes — which signal fired, which tier of cleanup to start with
references/cleanup-tiers.md	Tiered cleanup playbook (10 tiers, zero-risk → discuss-first), copy-paste-safe shell blocks
references/never-touch.md	Categories that must not be deleted even under sudo (Mole-derived blacklist + incident-derived additions)
references/mole-techniques.md	What Mole does that we borrow: marker→target map for mo purge, safe-path validators, age thresholds
references/alerting.md	Full alerter design: 3 CRITICAL-only triggers, hysteresis, calibration, alerter vs terminal-notifier vs osascript, install/restore commands
assets/mac-health-check	Production-ready bash script (~250 lines, bash 3.2 compatible)
assets/com.local.mac-health-check.plist	LaunchAgent plist with StartCalendarInterval (StartInterval is broken on laptops)
assets/config.sh	Default config with safe thresholds

Read the relevant reference before acting. Do NOT operate from memory of these files — the details are calibrated to a real incident and small changes break safety.

Core mental model

1. Monitor passively — Stats menubar (brew install --cask stats) — you see issues forming, not just when they explode.
2. Alert actively — only on truly CRITICAL conditions: disk < 10 %, memory pressure Critical AND swap > 8 GB, or new JetsamEvent with vm-compressor-space-shortage. Anything else is noise.
3. Cleanup tiers — start zero-risk (caches, orphan data), only escalate to project artifacts and sudo categories if needed. Mole's mo purge and mo clean are the right primary tools.
4. Mole is the safety floor — even when running shell commands by hand, follow Mole's path-validation rules: never delete inside /System, /bin, /usr, /etc, /var/db outside specific allowlisted subpaths; bin/ only under .NET; vendor/ only under PHP; protect AI/password/VPN/keychain bundle IDs.

Standard workflows

A. "Free space NOW" (incident response)

1. Triage — read references/triage.md, identify which signal fired and how urgent.
2. Snapshot baseline — df -h /System/Volumes/Data and write down free GB.
3. Tier 1 → 4 sweep — copy from references/cleanup-tiers.md. Each tier ends with a df checkpoint.
4. Run mo purge if dev projects exist. Mole's marker-based detection + bin/.NET guard + vendor/PHP guard makes it safer than hand-rolled find.
5. mo clean --dry-run for cache categories Mole knows about. Show user before confirming.
6. Stop at goal — most users target 100 GB free. Don't go below that just for sport.

B. "Set up alerting" (new machine or first time)

1. Copy assets/mac-health-check to ~/bin/mac-health-check (mkdir first; chmod +x).
2. Copy assets/com.local.mac-health-check.plist to ~/Library/LaunchAgents/.
3. Copy assets/config.sh to ~/.config/mac-health/config.sh (mkdir first).
4. brew install vjeantet/tap/alerter (NOT terminal-notifier — it's broken in 2026 on Sequoia/Tahoe).
5. brew install --cask stats for passive layer.
6. launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.local.mac-health-check.plist.
7. First run permission prompt: open alerter once interactively (alerter --message test) so macOS asks for Notification Center permission.
8. Tell the user: 7-day calibration is silent (logs only). Edit config.sh after a week if pattern noisy.

Verify with launchctl list | grep mac-health (should show PID and exit 0) and tail -f ~/Library/Logs/mac-health/health.log.

C. "Already have alerter, but it stopped working / making noise"

Read references/alerting.md § Troubleshooting. Common causes:

• Stuck/old terminal-notifier (the cask) instead of alerter — replace.
• LaunchAgent not loading after macOS update — launchctl bootstrap gui/$(id -u) <plist>.
• Notifications going to Script Editor — TCC permission was revoked, re-grant.
• Constant alerts during heavy dev work — touch ~/.config/mac-health/silent to suppress.

D. "Uninstall an app cleanly"

mo uninstall <app> — Mole scans 12+ locations for app traces (Application Support, Containers, Group Containers, Caches, Preferences, Saved State, LaunchAgents, LaunchDaemons, login items, etc.). Always show dry-run first, never bypass.

Safety rules (non-negotiable)

1. Never delete without dry-run + user confirmation for any tier ≥ 5 or any sudo operation.
2. Never bypass references/never-touch.md — even if user explicitly asks. Push back, explain the consequence.
3. mo purge and mo clean always with --dry-run first. Show estimated reclaim, get confirm.
4. For Time Machine backups: tmutil delete <path>, never rm. TM-tagged paths require the tmutil API.
5. For sudo cleanup of /Library, /private/var/db/*: only the allowlisted subpaths from references/never-touch.md § Sudo allowlist.
6. No auto-cleanup hooks tied to alerts. Alerts notify; user decides. Documented anti-pattern (Google SRE, also confirmed by community 2025-2026 — see references/alerting.md).
7. Don't delete swap files. rm /private/var/vm/swapfile* while running = guaranteed kernel panic.

Domain quirks captured

• macOS Tahoe (26.x) ships /bin/bash 3.2.57. set -u + local var (no init) = unbound on first reference. The shipped script handles this.
• LaunchAgent does not inherit user PATH. Plist must declare EnvironmentVariables.PATH and use absolute paths for interpreters.
• StartInterval clock pauses during sleep on Apple Silicon laptops (radar 6630231). Use StartCalendarInterval with explicit minute entries (the shipped plist has all 12).
• terminal-notifier is effectively unmaintained (last release 2019-11) and silently fails on Sequoia/Tahoe Apple Silicon. Use alerter instead.
• osascript display notification from launchd attributes to "Script Editor" and is unreliable. Use alerter from launchd context.
• log show --last 6m is too slow (30+ s) for periodic checks. Poll /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/JetsamEvent-*.ips instead — async write delay is acceptable on a 5-min cadence.
• JetsamEvent-*.ips files live in /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/ (system-wide), NOT ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/.
• APFS purgeable space lags behind actual deletion by minutes. After cleanup, df may not show the change immediately; wait or run diskutil info /System/Volumes/Data | grep "Container Free".

Outcomes scale

A representative recovery from a Mac that hit ~8 % free after long memory-pressure sessions on a heavily-loaded dev profile (Docker, multiple AI tools, IDEs, browsers):

• ~25 % of total disk capacity recovered in a 4-hour session
• Largest single contribution: project build artifacts via mo purge (~30–50 GB across many scan paths)
• Stale IDE installations + caches + preferences: ~10 GB
• Docker reclaim (unused images, dead builders, orphan volumes): ~10 GB
• ~/Downloads review (old installers, recordings, archived repos): ~15 GB
• Package-manager caches (npm, pnpm, gradle, maven, cargo, brew): ~5 GB
• Sudo-tier cleanup (system logs, vendor-app depots): ~5–10 GB

Active alerter installed with 7-day calibration window; verified via synthetic disk-trigger test before going live. Stats menubar app installed for passive monitoring.

Numbers scale with workload and disk size. Light users will see less; heavy AI/Docker/IDE users will see more.