{"id":"f722bee4-f0e3-461c-8e9e-15f71b7b127a","shortId":"UzTQax","kind":"skill","title":"rap","tagline":"Help with RAP (RESTful ABAP Programming Model) development including behavior definitions, EML statements, managed and unmanaged BOs, draft handling, actions, validations, determinations, side effects, and business events. Use when users ask about RAP, BDEF, BDL, EML, behavior de","description":"# RAP (RESTful ABAP Programming Model)\n\nGuide for building transactional applications using the ABAP RESTful Application Programming Model (RAP) in ABAP Cloud.\n\n## Workflow\n\n1. **Determine the user's goal**:\n   - Creating a new RAP BO from scratch\n   - Adding behavior (actions, validations, determinations) to an existing BO\n   - Writing EML statements to consume a RAP BO\n   - Troubleshooting RAP-related issues\n   - Understanding RAP concepts\n\n2. **Identify the scenario**:\n   - Managed (greenfield) vs. unmanaged (brownfield)\n   - Draft-enabled or not\n   - Numbering concept: early/late, internal/external/managed\n   - Single entity or composition tree (root + children)\n\n3. **Guide implementation** following the RAP layered architecture:\n   - Data modeling (database tables → CDS view entities)\n   - Behavior definition (BDEF using BDL)\n   - Behavior implementation (ABAP behavior pool)\n   - Business service exposure (service definition → service binding)\n\n4. **Provide code examples** using correct BDL and EML syntax\n\n## RAP Architecture Layers\n\n| Layer                       | Artifacts                                     | Purpose                                                                 |\n| --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **Data Modeling**           | Database tables, CDS root/child view entities | Data persistence and semantic data model                                |\n| **Behavior Definition**     | BDEF (`.bdef`)                                | Declares transactional behavior (operations, characteristics) using BDL |\n| **Behavior Implementation** | ABAP behavior pool (`BP_*`)                   | Implements business logic in handler/saver classes                      |\n| **Projection**              | CDS projection views, projection BDEF         | Adapts BO for specific service consumers                                |\n| **Business Service**        | Service definition, service binding           | Exposes BO as OData service                                             |\n\n## Implementation Types\n\n### Managed (Greenfield)\n\n- Framework handles transactional buffer and standard CRUD operations automatically\n- Only need custom code for non-standard operations (actions, validations, determinations)\n- Automatic save handling (can be enhanced with `additional save` or replaced with `unmanaged save`)\n\n```\nmanaged implementation in class zbp_r_entity unique;\nstrict ( 2 );\n```\n\n### Unmanaged (Brownfield)\n\n- Developer provides transactional buffer and implements all operations\n- Used when existing business logic needs to be embedded in RAP\n\n```\nunmanaged implementation in class zbp_r_entity unique;\nstrict ( 2 );\n```\n\n## Behavior Definition (BDL) Quick Reference\n\n### Complete BDEF Structure\n\n```\nmanaged implementation in class zbp_r_root unique;\nstrict ( 2 );\nwith draft;\n\ndefine behavior for ZR_Root alias Root\npersistent table zroot_tab\ndraft table zroot_d\netag master LocalLastChangedAt\nlock master\ntotal etag LastChangedAt\nauthorization master ( global )\nlate numbering\n{\n  // Field characteristics\n  field ( readonly ) RootUUID, CreatedBy, CreatedAt, LastChangedBy, LastChangedAt;\n  field ( mandatory ) Description;\n  field ( numbering : managed ) RootUUID;\n\n  // Standard operations\n  create;\n  update;\n  delete;\n\n  // Association to child entity\n  association _Child { create; }\n\n  // Actions\n  action doSomething result [1] $self;\n  static action createFromTemplate parameter ZD_CreateParam result [1] $self;\n  internal action recalculate;\n\n  // Validations\n  validation validateDescription on save { create; field Description; }\n\n  // Determinations\n  determination setDefaults on modify { create; }\n  determination calcTotal on modify { field Quantity, Price; }\n\n  // Draft actions\n  draft action Resume;\n  draft action Edit;\n  draft action Activate optimized;\n  draft action Discard;\n  draft determine action Prepare\n  {\n    validation validateDescription;\n  }\n\n  // Side effects\n  side effects\n  {\n    field Quantity affects field TotalAmount;\n    field Price affects field TotalAmount;\n    determine action Prepare executed on field Description affects messages;\n  }\n\n  // Events\n  event created;\n  event deleted parameter ZD_DeletedEvent;\n\n  // Mapping\n  mapping for zroot_tab corresponding\n  {\n    RootUUID = root_uuid;\n    Description = description;\n  }\n}\n\ndefine behavior for ZR_Child alias Child\npersistent table zchild_tab\ndraft table zchild_d\netag master LocalLastChangedAt\nlock dependent by _Root\nauthorization dependent by _Root\n{\n  field ( readonly ) ChildUUID, RootUUID;\n  field ( numbering : managed ) ChildUUID;\n\n  update;\n  delete;\n\n  association _Root;\n\n  mapping for zchild_tab corresponding\n  {\n    ChildUUID = child_uuid;\n    RootUUID = root_uuid;\n  }\n}\n```\n\n### Projection BDEF\n\n```\nprojection;\nstrict ( 2 );\nuse draft;\n\ndefine behavior for ZC_Root alias Root\n{\n  use create;\n  use update;\n  use delete;\n\n  use action doSomething;\n\n  use association _Child { create; }\n}\n\ndefine behavior for ZC_Child alias Child\n{\n  use update;\n  use delete;\n\n  use association _Root;\n}\n```\n\n### Key BDL Elements\n\n| Element                 | Syntax                                    | Purpose                                                                |\n| ----------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| **Managed numbering**   | `field ( numbering : managed ) KeyField;` | Framework assigns UUID keys automatically                              |\n| **Early numbering**     | `early numbering`                         | Custom key assignment in interaction phase via `FOR NUMBERING` handler |\n| **Late numbering**      | `late numbering`                          | Key assignment in save sequence via `adjust_numbers` saver method      |\n| **Lock master**         | `lock master`                             | Root entity controls pessimistic locking                               |\n| **Lock dependent**      | `lock dependent by _Assoc`                | Child entity delegates locking to parent                               |\n| **ETag**                | `etag master FieldName`                   | Optimistic concurrency control                                         |\n| **Total ETag**          | `total etag FieldName`                    | Required for draft-enabled BOs                                         |\n| **Draft**               | `with draft;`                             | Enables draft handling for entire BO                                   |\n| **Collaborative draft** | `with collaborative draft;`               | Multi-user draft editing                                               |\n| **Strict mode**         | `strict ( 2 );`                           | Enables additional BDL syntax checks (use latest version)              |\n\n## ABAP Behavior Pool (ABP)\n\n### Handler Class\n\n```abap\nCLASS lhc_root DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_handler.\n  PRIVATE SECTION.\n\n    \" Standard operations (unmanaged only)\n    METHODS create FOR MODIFY\n      IMPORTING entities FOR CREATE Root.\n\n    \" Action implementation\n    METHODS doSomething FOR MODIFY\n      IMPORTING keys FOR ACTION Root~doSomething RESULT result.\n\n    \" Validation\n    METHODS validateDescription FOR VALIDATE ON SAVE\n      IMPORTING keys FOR Root~validateDescription.\n\n    \" Determination\n    METHODS setDefaults FOR DETERMINE ON MODIFY\n      IMPORTING keys FOR Root~setDefaults.\n\n    \" Instance feature control\n    METHODS get_instance_features FOR INSTANCE FEATURES\n      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_features FOR Root RESULT result.\n\n    \" Instance authorization\n    METHODS get_instance_authorizations FOR INSTANCE AUTHORIZATION\n      IMPORTING keys REQUEST requested_authorizations FOR Root RESULT result.\n\nENDCLASS.\n\nCLASS lhc_root IMPLEMENTATION.\n\n  METHOD doSomething.\n    \" Read current instance data\n    READ ENTITIES OF zr_root IN LOCAL MODE\n      ENTITY Root\n      ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )\n      RESULT DATA(entities)\n      FAILED failed.\n\n    \" Modify instances\n    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zr_root IN LOCAL MODE\n      ENTITY Root\n      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status )\n      WITH VALUE #( FOR entity IN entities\n        ( %tky = entity-%tky\n          Status = 'DONE'\n          %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) )\n      FAILED failed\n      REPORTED reported.\n\n    \" Fill result\n    result = VALUE #( FOR entity IN entities\n      ( %tky = entity-%tky\n        %param = entity ) ).\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD validateDescription.\n    READ ENTITIES OF zr_root IN LOCAL MODE\n      ENTITY Root\n      FIELDS ( Description ) WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )\n      RESULT DATA(entities).\n\n    LOOP AT entities INTO DATA(entity).\n      IF entity-Description IS INITIAL.\n        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = entity-%tky ) TO failed-root.\n        APPEND VALUE #( %tky = entity-%tky\n          %msg = new_message_with_text(\n            severity = if_abap_behv_message=>severity-error\n            text = 'Description must not be empty' )\n          %element-Description = if_abap_behv=>mk-on\n        ) TO reported-root.\n      ENDIF.\n    ENDLOOP.\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD setDefaults.\n    READ ENTITIES OF zr_root IN LOCAL MODE\n      ENTITY Root\n      ALL FIELDS WITH CORRESPONDING #( keys )\n      RESULT DATA(entities).\n\n    MODIFY ENTITIES OF zr_root IN LOCAL MODE\n      ENTITY Root\n      UPDATE FIELDS ( Status CreatedAt )\n      WITH VALUE #( FOR entity IN entities\n        ( %tky = entity-%tky\n          Status = 'NEW'\n          %control-Status = if_abap_behv=>mk-on ) )\n      REPORTED reported.\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\nENDCLASS.\n```\n\n### Saver Class\n\n```abap\nCLASS lsc_root DEFINITION INHERITING FROM cl_abap_behavior_saver.\n  PROTECTED SECTION.\n    METHODS finalize REDEFINITION.\n    METHODS check_before_save REDEFINITION.\n    METHODS save_modified REDEFINITION.\n    METHODS cleanup REDEFINITION.\n    METHODS cleanup_finalize REDEFINITION.\nENDCLASS.\n\nCLASS lsc_root IMPLEMENTATION.\n  METHOD finalize.\n    \" Final calculations before save\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD check_before_save.\n    \" Final consistency checks\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD save_modified.\n    \" Only needed for 'with additional save' or 'with unmanaged save'\n    \" Raise business events here\n    IF create-root IS NOT INITIAL.\n      RAISE ENTITY EVENT zr_root~created\n        FROM VALUE #( FOR <cr> IN create-root\n          ( %key = VALUE #( RootUUID = <cr>-RootUUID ) ) ).\n    ENDIF.\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD cleanup.\n    \" Clear transactional buffer\n  ENDMETHOD.\n\n  METHOD cleanup_finalize.\n    \" Rollback finalize changes on failure\n  ENDMETHOD.\nENDCLASS.\n```\n\n## EML (Entity Manipulation Language) Quick Reference\n\nEML is the ABAP language for programmatically interacting with RAP BOs. Key operations: `MODIFY ENTITY` (create/update/delete/execute action), `READ ENTITIES`, `COMMIT ENTITIES`, `ROLLBACK ENTITIES`.\n\n- **Create**: `MODIFY ENTITY ... CREATE FIELDS ( ... ) WITH VALUE #( ( %cid = '...' ... ) )`\n- **Read**: `READ ENTITIES OF ... ALL FIELDS WITH VALUE #( ( key = val ) ) RESULT DATA(result)`\n- **Update**: `MODIFY ENTITY ... UPDATE FIELDS ( ... ) WITH VALUE #( ( %tky = ... ) )`\n- **Delete**: `MODIFY ENTITY ... DELETE FROM VALUE #( ( %tky = ... ) )`\n- **Execute Action**: `MODIFY ENTITY ... EXECUTE actionName FROM VALUE #( ( %tky = ... ) )`\n- **Deep Create**: Use `CREATE BY \\_Assoc` with `%cid_ref` and `%target`\n\n> For full EML syntax with code examples, read [references/eml-quick-reference.md](references/eml-quick-reference.md).\n\n## Draft Handling\n\n- Enabled via `with draft;` in BDEF header\n- Requires separate `draft table` for each entity\n- Draft table must include `\"%admin\": include sych_bdl_draft_admin_inc;`\n- Draft actions (`Edit`, `Activate`, `Discard`, `Resume`, `Prepare`) are implicitly provided\n- Use `%is_draft` component (or `%tky` which includes it) to distinguish draft vs. active instances\n\n## RAP Save Sequence\n\n| Phase          | Methods Called                                                      | Purpose                  |\n| -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------ |\n| **Early Save** | `finalize` → `check_before_save` → (on failure: `cleanup_finalize`) | Ensure data consistency  |\n| **Late Save**  | `adjust_numbers` → `save` / `save_modified` → `cleanup`             | Persist data to database |\n\n- Early save failures (sy-subrc = 4) return to interaction phase\n- Late save is point of no return — either commit succeeds or runtime error\n\n## Key BDEF Derived Type Components\n\n| Component   | Purpose                                                             |\n| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| `%cid`      | Content ID — unique preliminary identifier for new instances        |\n| `%cid_ref`  | Reference to a `%cid` in the same EML request                       |\n| `%key`      | Primary key fields                                                  |\n| `%tky`      | Transactional key (`%key` + `%is_draft` + `%pid`) — **recommended** |\n| `%data`     | All key and data fields                                             |\n| `%control`  | Flags indicating which fields are provided/requested                |\n| `%is_draft` | Draft indicator (draft-enabled BOs only)                            |\n| `%pid`      | Preliminary ID (late numbering only)                                |\n| `%target`   | Target instances for create-by-association                          |\n| `%param`    | Action/function parameter values                                    |\n\n## Best Practices\n\n- Always use `strict ( 2 );` for new BOs\n- Prefer `%tky` over `%key` for future-proof code (handles draft/late numbering transitions)\n- Always fill `%cid` in create operations even if not referenced later\n- Use `IN LOCAL MODE` in handler methods to bypass feature controls and authorization checks\n- Implement validations for data consistency checks, determinations for calculated fields\n- Keep handler methods focused; use ABP auxiliary classes for shared logic\n- For managed BOs, only implement handler methods for non-standard operations\n\n## References\n\n- [SAP ABAP Cheat Sheets — RAP BDL](https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets/blob/main/36_RAP_Behavior_Definition_Language.md)\n- [SAP ABAP Cheat Sheets — EML](https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-cheat-sheets/blob/main/08_EML_ABAP_for_RAP.md)\n- [SAP Help — RAP Development Guide](https://help.sap.com/docs/abap-cloud/abap-rap/abap-restful-application-programming-model)\n- [SAP Help — BDL Reference](https://help.sap.com/doc/abapdocu_cp_index_htm/CLOUD/en-US/ABENBDL.html)\n- [ABAP Flight Reference Scenario](https://github.com/SAP-samples/abap-platform-refscen-flight)","tags":["rap","abap","skills","likweitan","agent-skills","sap"],"capabilities":["skill","source-likweitan","skill-rap","topic-abap","topic-agent-skills","topic-sap"],"categories":["abap-skills"],"synonyms":[],"warnings":[],"endpointUrl":"https://skills.sh/likweitan/abap-skills/rap","protocol":"skill","transport":"skills-sh","auth":{"type":"none","details":{"cli":"npx skills add 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