{"id":"320a8cff-911b-4c99-a621-33e58b5907f6","shortId":"4kE38E","kind":"skill","title":"network-101","tagline":"Configure and test common network services (HTTP, HTTPS, SNMP, SMB) for penetration testing lab environments. Enable hands-on practice with service enumeration, log analysis, and security testing against properly configured target systems.","description":"# Network 101\n\n## Purpose\n\nConfigure and test common network services (HTTP, HTTPS, SNMP, SMB) for penetration testing lab environments. Enable hands-on practice with service enumeration, log analysis, and security testing against properly configured target systems.\n\n## Inputs/Prerequisites\n\n- Windows Server or Linux system for hosting services\n- Kali Linux or similar for testing\n- Administrative access to target system\n- Basic networking knowledge (IP addressing, ports)\n- Firewall access for port configuration\n\n## Outputs/Deliverables\n\n- Configured HTTP/HTTPS web server\n- SNMP service with accessible communities\n- SMB file shares with various permission levels\n- Captured logs for analysis\n- Documented enumeration results\n\n## Core Workflow\n\n### 1. Configure HTTP Server (Port 80)\n\nSet up a basic HTTP web server for testing:\n\n**Windows IIS Setup:**\n1. Open IIS Manager (Internet Information Services)\n2. Right-click Sites → Add Website\n3. Configure site name and physical path\n4. Bind to IP address and port 80\n\n**Linux Apache Setup:**\n\n```bash\n# Install Apache\nsudo apt update && sudo apt install apache2\n\n# Start service\nsudo systemctl start apache2\nsudo systemctl enable apache2\n\n# Create test page\necho \"Test Page
\" | sudo tee /var/www/html/index.html\n\n# Verify service\ncurl http://localhost\n```\n\n**Configure Firewall for HTTP:**\n\n```bash\n# Linux (UFW)\nsudo ufw allow 80/tcp\n\n# Windows PowerShell\nNew-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName \"HTTP\" -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -LocalPort 80 -Action Allow\n```\n\n### 2. Configure HTTPS Server (Port 443)\n\nSet up secure HTTPS with SSL/TLS:\n\n**Generate Self-Signed Certificate:**\n\n```bash\n# Linux - Generate certificate\nsudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 \\\n -keyout /etc/ssl/private/apache-selfsigned.key \\\n -out /etc/ssl/certs/apache-selfsigned.crt\n\n# Enable SSL module\nsudo a2enmod ssl\nsudo systemctl restart apache2\n```\n\n**Configure Apache for HTTPS:**\n\n```bash\n# Edit SSL virtual host\nsudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf\n\n# Enable site\nsudo a2ensite default-ssl\nsudo systemctl reload apache2\n```\n\n**Verify HTTPS Setup:**\n\n```bash\n# Check port 443 is open\nnmap -p 443 192.168.1.1\n\n# Test SSL connection\nopenssl s_client -connect 192.168.1.1:443\n\n# Check certificate\ncurl -kv https://192.168.1.1\n```\n\n### 3. Configure SNMP Service (Port 161)\n\nSet up SNMP for enumeration practice:\n\n**Linux SNMP Setup:**\n\n```bash\n# Install SNMP daemon\nsudo apt install snmpd snmp\n\n# Configure community strings\nsudo nano /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf\n\n# Add these lines:\n# rocommunity public\n# rwcommunity private\n\n# Restart service\nsudo systemctl restart snmpd\n```\n\n**Windows SNMP Setup:**\n1. Open Server Manager → Add Features\n2. Select SNMP Service\n3. Configure community strings in Services → SNMP Service → Properties\n\n**SNMP Enumeration Commands:**\n\n```bash\n# Basic SNMP walk\nsnmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1\n\n# Enumerate system info\nsnmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1 1.3.6.1.2.1.1\n\n# Get running processes\nsnmpwalk -c public -v1 192.168.1.1 1.3.6.1.2.1.25.4.2.1.2\n\n# SNMP check tool\nsnmp-check 192.168.1.1 -c public\n\n# Brute force community strings\nonesixtyone -c /usr/share/seclists/Discovery/SNMP/common-snmp-community-strings.txt 192.168.1.1\n```\n\n### 4. Configure SMB Service (Port 445)\n\nSet up SMB file shares for enumeration:\n\n**Windows SMB Share:**\n1. Create folder to share\n2. Right-click → Properties → Sharing → Advanced Sharing\n3. Enable sharing and set permissions\n4. Configure NTFS permissions\n\n**Linux Samba Setup:**\n\n```bash\n# Install Samba\nsudo apt install samba\n\n# Create share directory\nsudo mkdir -p /srv/samba/share\nsudo chmod 777 /srv/samba/share\n\n# Configure Samba\nsudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf\n\n# Add share:\n# [public]\n# path = /srv/samba/share\n# browsable = yes\n# guest ok = yes\n# read only = no\n\n# Restart service\nsudo systemctl restart smbd\n```\n\n**SMB Enumeration Commands:**\n\n```bash\n# List shares anonymously\nsmbclient -L //192.168.1.1 -N\n\n# Connect to share\nsmbclient //192.168.1.1/share -N\n\n# Enumerate with smbmap\nsmbmap -H 192.168.1.1\n\n# Full enumeration\nenum4linux -a 192.168.1.1\n\n# Check for vulnerabilities\nnmap --script smb-vuln* 192.168.1.1\n```\n\n### 5. Analyze Service Logs\n\nReview logs for security analysis:\n\n**HTTP/HTTPS Logs:**\n\n```bash\n# Apache access log\nsudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log\n\n# Apache error log\nsudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/error.log\n\n# Windows IIS logs\n# Location: C:\\inetpub\\logs\\LogFiles\\W3SVC1\\\n```\n\n**Parse Log for Credentials:**\n\n```bash\n# Search for POST requests\ngrep \"POST\" /var/log/apache2/access.log\n\n# Extract user agents\nawk '{print $12}' /var/log/apache2/access.log | sort | uniq -c\n```\n\n## Quick Reference\n\n### Essential Ports\n\n| Service | Port | Protocol |\n|---------|------|----------|\n| HTTP | 80 | TCP |\n| HTTPS | 443 | TCP |\n| SNMP | 161 | UDP |\n| SMB | 445 | TCP |\n| NetBIOS | 137-139 | TCP/UDP |\n\n### Service Verification Commands\n\n```bash\n# Check HTTP\ncurl -I http://target\n\n# Check HTTPS\ncurl -kI https://target\n\n# Check SNMP\nsnmpwalk -c public -v1 target\n\n# Check SMB\nsmbclient -L //target -N\n```\n\n### Common Enumeration Tools\n\n| Tool | Purpose |\n|------|---------|\n| nmap | Port scanning and scripts |\n| nikto | Web vulnerability scanning |\n| snmpwalk | SNMP enumeration |\n| enum4linux | SMB/NetBIOS enumeration |\n| smbclient | SMB connection |\n| gobuster | Directory brute forcing |\n\n## Constraints\n\n- Self-signed certificates trigger browser warnings\n- SNMP v1/v2c communities transmit in cleartext\n- Anonymous SMB access is often disabled by default\n- Firewall rules must allow inbound connections\n- Lab environments should be isolated from production\n\n## Examples\n\n### Example 1: Complete HTTP Lab Setup\n\n```bash\n# Install and configure\nsudo apt install apache2\nsudo systemctl start apache2\n\n# Create login page\ncat << 'EOF' | sudo tee /var/www/html/login.html\n\n\n\n\n\nEOF\n\n# Allow through firewall\nsudo ufw allow 80/tcp\n```\n\n### Example 2: SNMP Testing Setup\n\n```bash\n# Quick SNMP configuration\nsudo apt install snmpd\necho \"rocommunity public\" | sudo tee -a /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf\nsudo systemctl restart snmpd\n\n# Test enumeration\nsnmpwalk -c public -v1 localhost\n```\n\n### Example 3: SMB Anonymous Access\n\n```bash\n# Configure anonymous share\nsudo apt install samba\nsudo mkdir /srv/samba/anonymous\nsudo chmod 777 /srv/samba/anonymous\n\n# Test access\nsmbclient //localhost/anonymous -N\n```\n\n## Troubleshooting\n\n| Issue | Solution |\n|-------|----------|\n| Port not accessible | Check firewall rules (ufw, iptables, Windows Firewall) |\n| Service not starting | Check logs with `journalctl -u service-name` |\n| SNMP timeout | Verify UDP 161 is open, check community string |\n| SMB access denied | Verify share permissions and user credentials |\n| HTTPS certificate error | Accept self-signed cert or add to trusted store |\n| Cannot connect remotely | Bind service to 0.0.0.0 instead of localhost |\n\n## When to Use\nThis skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the 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